Water: The Liquid That Sustains Life
Water, often called the “elixir of life,” covers over 70% of our planet’s surface. Chapter 14 of the Grade 6 Science NCERT textbook delves into this essential liquid, shedding light on its properties, distribution, and the crucial water cycle.
1. Introduction to Water
Water is indispensable for the survival of all known forms of life. Be it drinking, irrigation, or industrial use, water’s importance can’t be understated.
2. Sources of Water
There are multiple sources from which we obtain water:
a. Surface Water:
Lakes, rivers, and ponds are the primary repositories.
b. Ground Water:
Water stored underground in rock crevices and porous rock formations.
c. Rain:
Primary source that replenishes most surface water.
3. The Water Cycle: Nature’s Recycling System
Water undergoes a continuous cycle, ensuring its availability for all:
a. Evaporation:
Heat from the Sun turns water from rivers, lakes, and oceans into water vapor.
b. Condensation:
The water vapor rises, cools, and turns back into tiny water droplets, forming clouds.
c. Precipitation:
These droplets combine and fall to the ground as rain, snow, or hail.
d. Collection:
Water collects in rivers, lakes, and oceans, and the cycle repeats.
4. Sea Water vs Fresh Water
Though Earth has abundant water, not all of it is fit for consumption:
a. Sea Water:
About 97% of Earth’s water is salty and found in oceans and seas.
b. Fresh Water:
Only about 2.7% of Earth’s water is fresh, and a majority of this is locked in glaciers.
5. Rain: The Lifeline
Rainfall patterns greatly influence the livelihoods of people, especially farmers. Irregularities can lead to droughts or floods, severely impacting lives.
6. Droughts & Its Impact
A prolonged period without rain can lead to drought. Droughts:
- Deplete water sources.
- Affect agriculture and can lead to famine.
- Force wildlife to migrate or perish.
7. Floods: The Deluge
Excessive rainfall, melting snow, or dams breaking can lead to floods. Floods:
- Can submerge lands, causing loss of life and property.
- Spread waterborne diseases.
- Affect agriculture negatively.
8. Conserving Water: The Need of the Hour
With the rising population and diminishing fresh water sources, conservation is vital:
a. Rainwater Harvesting:
Capturing and storing rainwater for future use.
b. Efficient Use:
Reducing wastage in everyday tasks like brushing, bathing, and washing.
c. Preventing Pollution:
Keeping water bodies clean and free from pollutants.
9. Conclusion: The Precious Commodity
As the saying goes, “Every drop counts.” The importance of water in our lives is immeasurable. As stewards of this planet, it is our responsibility to ensure that this vital resource is preserved for future generations.