NCERT Notes: Grade 6 Science - Chapter 3: Fibre to Fabric

Introduction

The journey from fibre to fabric is a fascinating one, linking nature to our everyday clothing. Chapter 3 of the Grade 6 Science NCERT textbook delves into the sources, processes, and types of fibres that transform into fabrics we wear.

What is a Fibre?

Fibre is a thin strand or thread, either natural or synthetic, which can be woven or knitted to form fabric.

Types of Fibres

Fibres can be classified into two main types:

1. Natural Fibres: Derived from nature, from plants or animals.
   • Examples: Cotton, Silk, Wool, Jute.
2. Synthetic Fibres: Produced using chemical processes.
   • Examples: Nylon, Polyester.

Natural Fibres

1. Cotton

• Source: Cotton plants.
• Features: Soft, fluffy staple fibre.
• Process:
  1. Ginning: Removing seeds from cotton balls.
  2. Spinning: Twisting fibres into yarn.
• Usage: Clothes, bedsheets, towels.

2. Silk

• Source: Silkworms.
• Features: Shiny, soft, and strong.
• Process:
  1. Sericulture: Cultivation of silkworms.
  2. Reeling: Unwinding silk from cocoons.
• Usage: Sarees, scarves, ties.

3. Wool

• Source: Sheep, yak, goat.
• Features: Warm, crimped.
• Process:
  1. Shearing: Removing fleece of the sheep.
  2. Carding: Combing wool fibres.
  3. Spinning: Making yarn from fibres.
• Usage: Sweaters, blankets, scarves.

4. Jute

• Source: Jute plant stem.
• Features: Rough, durable.
• Process:
  1. Retting: Soaking jute stems in water to separate fibres.
  2. Stripping: Removing fibres from the stem.
• Usage: Ropes, mats, bags.

Synthetic Fibres

• Produced through chemical synthesis, often derived from petrochemicals.
• Examples include Nylon (first synthetic fibre) and Polyester (a durable and quick-drying fibre).

Journey from Fibre to Fabric

1. Spinning: Fibres are converted to yarn by twisting.
2. Weaving: Two sets of yarns are interlaced at right angles.
3. Knitting: Yarn is turned into fabric using needles.

Fibre to Fabric: Importance & Sustainability

• Natural fibres like cotton are biodegradable, promoting environmental sustainability.
• Synthetics, although durable, can contribute to environmental degradation due to their non-biodegradable nature.
• Eco-friendly practices, like organic cotton farming, contribute to sustainable textile production.

Conclusion

The transformation from fibre to fabric is an intricate journey of nature, human endeavour, and technology. This chapter in the Grade 6 Science NCERT textbook unravels the mysteries behind our daily wear, promoting an understanding of textile science and the importance of sustainable choices.

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Reference: NCERT Grade 6 Science - Chapter 3: Fibre to Fabric