NCERT Notes: Grade 8 Social Science - Political Science - Chapter 3: Why Do We Need a Parliament?

Introduction

The Parliament holds a pivotal position in the democratic framework of India. Chapter 3 of the Grade 8 Social Science textbook dives deep into the relevance, functions, and significance of the Indian Parliament.

Why Parliament?

The fundamental essence of a democracy is to give its citizens the power to participate in governance. The Parliament serves as the medium through which the representatives of the people, chosen by them, work towards the betterment of the nation.

Key Reasons for the Need of Parliament:

1. Voice of the People: Parliament represents the collective voice of the people of India.
2. Law Making: Crucial laws that govern the country are framed and passed in the Parliament.
3. Control and Oversight: The Parliament keeps a check on the functioning of the government, ensuring accountability.
4. Forum for Discussion: It is a platform where national issues are discussed, debated, and resolved.

Structure of the Indian Parliament

The Indian Parliament consists of two houses:

1. Rajya Sabha (Council of States): Represents the states and union territories. Members are not directly elected by the people but are nominated by state legislative assemblies and the President.
2. Lok Sabha (House of the People): Directly elected by the people of India. It is the more powerful of the two houses.

Functions of the Parliament

Law Making:

• Parliament plays a pivotal role in formulating laws.
• A bill, before becoming a law, must be passed by both houses and receive the President’s assent.

Control of Executive:

• The Parliament ensures that the executive (government) functions efficiently and responsibly.
• Tools like ‘Question Hour’ and ‘Zero Hour’ are instrumental in holding the government accountable.

Representation:

• Parliament represents diverse groups from the vast expanse of the country, ensuring that various concerns are voiced and addressed.

Financial Control:

• The government cannot levy or collect taxes or spend money without the Parliament’s approval.
• The budget is presented annually in the Lok Sabha.

Constituent Function:

• Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution, though this is done with strict guidelines.

How Does Parliament Work?

1. Sessions: The Parliament meets in different sessions - Budget, Monsoon, and Winter.
2. Committees: Several committees work on specialized aspects, ensuring detailed scrutiny and discussion.
3. Discussions and Debates: Issues of national importance are discussed, providing a platform for diverse viewpoints.
4. Passing of Bills: For a bill to become law, it has to pass through various readings and discussions in both houses.

Challenges

• Low Attendance: Often, sessions see low attendance which affects the quality of discussions.
• Disruptions: Frequent disruptions can stall the proceedings.
• Representation: While the Parliament aims to be representative, certain groups might still feel underrepresented.

Conclusion

The Parliament is the heart of Indian democracy, ensuring that the nation’s governance remains transparent, responsible, and participative. Chapter 3 of the NCERT Grade 8 Social Science textbook sheds light on the intricacies of this institution, emphasizing its central role in shaping the country’s future.

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Reference: NCERT Grade 8 Social Science - Political Science - Chapter 3: Why Do We Need a Parliament?