NCERT Notes: Grade 8 Social Science - Political Science - Chapter 7: Understanding Marginalisation

Introduction

Marginalisation signifies a process where certain individuals or groups are pushed to the edges of society, leading them to experience inequality, deprivation, and a lack of opportunities. Chapter 7 in the Grade 8 Social Science textbook sheds light on the concept of marginalisation, its causes, and its consequences.

What is Marginalisation?

Marginalisation emerges when certain sections of the society are sidelined due to various factors, be it social, economic, political, or cultural. These marginalized groups face reduced access to resources, rights, and often bear the brunt of prejudices.

Causes of Marginalisation

1. Socio-Cultural Factors: These include caste, religion, or ethnicity-based discriminations.
2. Economic Factors: Poverty, lack of access to quality education or jobs can lead to economic marginalisation.
3. Political Factors: Lack of representation or suppression of certain groups can cause political marginalisation.

Marginalised Communities in India

1. Adivasis:

• Indigenous people, mainly residing in forested regions.
• Have distinct cultures, languages, and traditions.
• Often face displacement due to urbanisation and industrialisation.

2. Dalits:

• Historically faced oppression and discrimination due to caste-based hierarchies.
• Despite legal protections, still grapple with societal prejudices.

3. Muslims:

• As a minority community, Muslims often face socio-economic challenges.
• Stereotyping and prejudices can lead to their marginalisation.

4. LGBTQ+ Community:

• Face marginalisation due to societal norms and prejudices.
• Although Section 377 was decriminalised in 2018, the community still faces social challenges.

Consequences of Marginalisation

1. Lack of Access to Resources: Marginalised groups often don’t have equal access to quality education, healthcare, or employment opportunities.
2. Social Exclusion: These communities might face social isolation, leading to reduced integration with the broader society.
3. Economic Deprivation: Marginalised groups often face economic hardships, pushing them into cycles of poverty.
4. Reduced Representation: These communities might have reduced representation in political and public spheres.

Efforts to Address Marginalisation

1. Constitutional Safeguards: The Indian Constitution offers several provisions to safeguard the rights of marginalised groups, including reservations and protections against discrimination.
2. Laws and Policies: The government has enacted laws to prevent discrimination and uplift marginalised communities.
3. Social Movements: Many grassroots movements and NGOs work towards the upliftment and rights of marginalised communities.

Role of Education

Education plays a pivotal role in addressing marginalisation:

1. Awareness: Education creates awareness about the rights and responsibilities of every citizen.
2. Breaking Stereotypes: Through inclusive curriculums, education can break stereotypes and prejudices.
3. Empowerment: Educated individuals are better equipped to challenge and overcome marginalisation.

Conclusion

Understanding marginalisation is crucial to creating an inclusive society where every individual’s rights are respected, and opportunities are equitably distributed. Chapter 7 of the NCERT Grade 8 Social Science textbook offers a deep dive into the concept of marginalisation, ensuring that students understand its nuances and the significance of an inclusive society.

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Reference: NCERT Grade 8 Social Science - Political Science - Chapter 7: Understanding Marginalisation