NCERT Notes: Grade 8 Social Science - Political Science - Chapter 8: Confronting Marginalisation

Introduction

In the dynamic society of India, the struggle against marginalisation is not just ongoing, but also multi-faceted. Chapter 8 in the Grade 8 Social Science textbook elaborates on various methods adopted by marginalized communities to confront their marginal status and reclaim their rights.

Marginalisation: A Recap

Marginalisation implies the sidelining of certain sections of society due to diverse socio-economic and cultural factors, resulting in limited access to resources and societal prejudices.

Confronting Marginalisation

1. Rights-based Approach:

• Constitutional Rights: The Indian Constitution ensures fundamental rights to all its citizens, and these rights play a pivotal role in confronting marginalisation.
  • Right to Equality: Assures equal rights to every citizen.
  • Right against Exploitation: Prevents any form of exploitation, especially targeting vulnerable groups.
  • Cultural and Educational Rights: Safeguard the rights of minority communities, allowing them to conserve their culture and set up educational institutions.

2. Legal Provisions:

• The Prevention of Atrocities Act: Enacted in 1989, this act prevents atrocities against scheduled tribes and castes.
• Representation: Reservation policies in education and political representation ensure that marginalized groups have a voice in crucial areas of public life.

3. Social and Political Mobilisation:

• Grassroots movements and NGOs play a significant role in confronting marginalisation.
• Many leaders and activists have emerged from marginalized groups, advocating for their rights.

4. Promotion of Socio-Economic Development:

• By providing adequate educational and economic opportunities, the state can ensure the upliftment of marginalized communities.

Notable Movements Against Marginalisation

1. Dalit Panthers:

• Formed in Maharashtra in the 1970s.
• Inspired by the Black Panther movement in the USA.
• Focused on fighting against caste discrimination.

2. All India Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation (BAMCEF):

• Initiated by Kanshi Ram in the 1970s.
• Aimed at mobilizing Dalit and backward class employees.

3. Women’s Movement:

• Addressed issues of gender-based marginalisation.
• Advocated for women’s rights in various spheres like personal laws, domestic violence, and workplace rights.

Achievements and Ongoing Struggles

While much progress has been made in confronting marginalisation, several challenges remain:

1. Prejudices: Despite legal provisions, societal prejudices persist, making it hard for marginalized groups to overcome their status.
2. Economic Inequalities: Access to resources and economic opportunities is still skewed against certain marginalized sections.
3. Representation: Though there’s increased representation due to reservations, a true voice in decision-making remains elusive for many.

Conclusion

Chapter 8 in the Grade 8 Social Science NCERT textbook sheds light on the multifaceted struggle against marginalisation in India. It underscores the importance of collective action, legal provisions, and societal shifts in confronting and overcoming marginalisation. By understanding these struggles, we can hope to create a more inclusive and just society.

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Reference: NCERT Grade 8 Social Science - Political Science - Chapter 8: Confronting Marginalisation